More of an educational tool than a sandbox, but it allows you to simulate orbits, cause asteroid impacts, and explore detailed 3D models.
This is the closest you will get to a physics-based sandbox. You build rockets, but the game includes planetary gravity, orbital mechanics, and realistic trajectories. Universe Sandbox 2 Download For Android
Some older articles mention Universe Sandbox Legacy (the 2011 original) being ported to mobile. This is false. The legacy version was Windows-only via Xbox Live Indie Games. No official mobile port ever existed. More of an educational tool than a sandbox,
While 2D, this is the most physics-accurate rocket builder and orbital simulator on Android. Just because you cannot get the official Universe
Official Statement: Giant Army has mentioned exploring cloud-based rendering or simplified mobile companions, but there is no confirmed Universe Sandbox 2 download for Android in the Google Play Store.
Just because you cannot get the official Universe Sandbox 2 doesn't mean your Android device is powerless. Several high-quality space sandbox games offer similar thrills.