Check for the required shared libraries:
find $ORACLE_HOME -name "libsqlplus*"
find $ORACLE_HOME -name "libclntsh*"
Expected output example:
/usr/lib/oracle/21/client64/lib/libsqlplus.so
/usr/lib/oracle/21/client64/lib/libclntsh.so.21.1
If missing, reinstall the Basic and SQL*Plus packages. Check for the required shared libraries: find $ORACLE_HOME
If the Oracle user does not have execute or read permissions on the shared library files or the directories containing them, the loader will fail. If missing, reinstall the Basic and SQL*Plus packages
# Check SQL*Plus binary dependencies (Linux)
ldd $ORACLE_HOME/bin/sqlplus
md5sum $ORACLE_HOME/sqlplus/mesg/sqlplus.msb Check for the required shared libraries: find $ORACLE_HOME
# RPM-based (Oracle Linux, RHEL)
rpm -qf $ORACLE_HOME/sqlplus/mesg/sqlplus.msb
rpm -V oracle-sqlplus # Verify package