The band got angry and fast again. 35-minute run time. No filler.
From their humble beginnings in Athens, Georgia, to becoming the "biggest band in the world," R.E.M. defined the sound of alternative rock. This archive tracks their evolution from the jangle-pop mystery of the IRS years to the experimental textures of their later Warner Bros. era. 💿 The I.R.S. Years: The Foundation of Indie Rock
Before they were superstars, R.E.M. was the gold standard for college radio. This era is defined by Peter Buck’s jangling Rickenbacker, Mike Mills’ melodic basslines, and Michael Stipe’s famously enigmatic, mumbled lyrics. Chronic Town (EP) (1982)
– The "wolves, lower" era. The blueprint for the 80s indie sound. Murmur (1983)
– Frequently cited as one of the greatest debut albums of all time. Reckoning (1984)
– A punchier, more immediate follow-up featuring "So. Central Rain." Fables of the Reconstruction (1985)
– A dark, muddy, Southern Gothic masterpiece recorded in London. Lifes Rich Pageant (1986)
– The sound of the band "waking up" with clearer vocals and eco-political themes. Document (1987)
– The breakthrough. Featuring "The One I Love" and "It's the End of the World as We Know It (And I Feel Fine)." 🌍 The Warner Bros. Era: Global Icons
In the late 80s and early 90s, R.E.M. moved to a major label and somehow became even more experimental while selling millions of records. BestSellingAlbums.org notes that this era produced their highest-selling work. Green (1988)
– Major label debut. A mix of bubblegum pop ("Stand") and dark acoustic tracks. Out of Time (1991)
– The mandolin-driven phenomenon. "Losing My Religion" made them superstars. Automatic for the People (1992)
– Widely considered their magnum opus; a haunting, beautiful meditation on mortality. Monster (1994)
– The "glam-rock" record. Fuzzy, distorted guitars and a loud departure from New Adventures in Hi-Fi (1996)
– A sprawling, cinematic road album recorded mostly during the 🧪 The Post-Berry Era: Exploration & Finality
Following Bill Berry’s departure in 1997, the remaining trio experimented with drum machines, synthesizers, and new rhythms. – Electronic, moody, and deeply atmospheric. Reveal (2001) – A lush, sun-drenched "summer" record. Around the Sun (2004)
– A slower, politically charged reflection on the post-9/11 world. Accelerate (2008) – A return to short, fast, high-energy rock songs. Collapse into Now (2011)
– Their final studio statement. An intentional "fairwell" that captures every side of the band's identity. tracklists for each album. Essential Tracks for every era. biographical intro about the band's formation at the University of Georgia. R.E.M. album sales - BestSellingAlbums.org
Since Blogspot is a platform for user-generated content (not an official database), this outline focuses on how to find, navigate, and discuss R.E.M.’s catalog through that lens.
In the sprawling digital ruins of the internet, few places offer as much specific, chaotic devotion as the "discography blog." Before the dominance of streaming services like Spotify and Apple Music, and before the sleek uniformity of Discogs, there was Blogspot.
For fans of R.E.M.—the alternative rock giants from Athens, Georgia—Blogspot became a sanctuary. It was a place where the "discography blog" wasn't just a list of albums; it was a curated museum of bootlegs, B-sides, radio sessions, and fan-remastered gems that the major labels had long let go out of print.
(Hypothetical/illustrative examples – always check if still active)
⚠️ Note to reader: Many Blogspot sites are inactive. Use Wayback Machine if links are dead.
If you want, I can:
Studio Albums:
EPs:
Compilations:
Singles:
You can find more information and music samples on Blogspot or other music platforms like AllMusic, Discogs, or Wikipedia.
Searching for a "discography blogspot" usually refers to fan-run archival sites that provide download links or detailed tracklists for a band's entire history. While many of these blogs have been taken down due to copyright issues, they are often reviewed by the indie community for their completeness (including rare B-sides and live bootlegs) and audio quality.
If you are looking for a review of R.E.M.’s actual discography (the music itself), the consensus among critics and fans is that it represents one of the most significant arcs in alternative rock history. The "Golden Era" (1982–1987) Key Albums: Murmur, Reckoning, Lifes Rich Pageant.
Review: This era is defined by the "I.R.S. years." Critics often praise these records for their "jangly" guitars and Michael Stipe’s early, mumbled vocals. Murmur is frequently cited by The Guardian as a masterpiece that defined the 80s underground. The Mainstream Peak (1988–1996)
Key Albums: Green, Out of Time, Automatic for the People, Monster.
Review: This was the height of their global fame. Automatic for the People is widely considered their "magnum opus" for its somber, acoustic-driven reflections on mortality. Out of Time remains their biggest commercial success, selling over 24 million units and featuring the iconic "Losing My Religion". The "Three-Legged Dog" Era (1998–2011) Key Albums: Up, Reveal, Accelerate, Collapse Into Now.
Review: Following the departure of drummer Bill Berry, the band experimented with electronics and softer pop. While albums like Around the Sun were seen as a creative low, late-career efforts like Accelerate were hailed as a "return to form" by fans on Facebook and other music forums. Discography Summary Table Notable Work I.R.S. Years Murmur Birth of Indie Rock Warner Bros. Peak Automatic for the People Alternative Rock Royalty Post-Berry Accelerate Experimental/Reflective End rem discography blogspot
This blog-style retrospective explores the discography of R.E.M., the band that defined the American "college rock" movement before becoming one of the biggest acts in the world. 📻 The Murmur of the Underground (1982–1987)
Before the stadiums, there was the mystery. The early IRS Records years were characterized by Michael Stipe’s mumbled vocals, Peter Buck’s jangling Rickenbacker, and Mike Mills’ melodic basslines. Chronic Town (1982):
The debut EP that set the blueprint. Punchy, dark, and enigmatic. Murmur (1983): Often cited as one of the greatest debut albums
of all time. It felt like a transmission from a different world. Reckoning (1984):
Faster and more direct, featuring staples like "So. Central Rain." Fables of the Reconstruction (1985):
A murky, swampy record recorded in London that captured the band at a crossroads. Lifes Rich Pageant (1986):
The moment the mumbles cleared. An aggressive, environmentally conscious rock record. Document (1987): The breakthrough. "The One I Love" became their first top 10 hit , signaling the end of their indie era.
R.E.M. has been the subject of extensive documentation across various music blogs, most notably on the R.E.M. Project Blog [9]. These blogs provide a deep dive into the band's 31-year career, covering everything from their 15 studio albums to rare demos and live recordings. The Studio Albums
R.E.M.'s discography is often divided into eras, reflecting their journey from college rock pioneers to global superstars.
The Early Years (IRS Records): This period is defined by a "mysterious" and "elusive" sound [18].
Murmur (1983): Frequently cited by bloggers as an all-time top album [15].
Reckoning (1984): Blogs like Wilfully Obscure highlight rare demos from this era [15].
Fables of the Reconstruction (1985): Described as an "open-ended, inexplicable record" with some of the band's best songwriting [18]. Lifes Rich Pageant (1986)
Document (1987): The band's commercial breakthrough, featuring "The One I Love." The Global Superstardom (Warner Bros. Records):
Green (1988): Marked the start of their "middle career" where they conquered the world [3].
Out of Time (1991): Their best-selling album at the time (12 million copies) [5], featuring their biggest hit, "Losing My Religion" [10].
Automatic for the People (1992): Often ranked as their masterpiece, with sales reaching 18 million [5].
Monster (1994): A move toward a grittier, guitar-heavy sound [9].
New Adventures in Hi-Fi (1996): Michael Stipe’s personal favorite, which he felt truly captured the band's essence [23].
The Post-Bill Berry Era: After drummer Bill Berry's departure in 1997, the band's sound shifted toward more "overthinking bloat" and experimental arrangements [14]. Up (1998) Reveal (2001) Around the Sun (2004)
Accelerate (2008): A return to a faster, more energetic rock sound [26].
Collapse Into Now (2011): The band's final studio album before their retirement [13]. Key Compilations and Rarities
Music bloggers frequently discuss non-album tracks and expanded editions:
Chronic Town (1982): Their debut EP, often discussed in expanded blog versions [1].
Dead Letter Office (1987): A collection of B-sides and rarities from the IRS era [4].
In Time: The Best of R.E.M. 1988–2003: A popular compilation that reflects their creative influence during their peak years [8]. Critical Reception and Rankings
Bloggers often rank the discography, with Automatic for the People and Murmur consistently appearing at the top, while later albums like Around the Sun are often placed near the bottom [4, 5]. The band's ability to remain "amicable friends" after their 2011 breakup is frequently cited as a rare model for other rock bands [24].
Several long-standing blogs provide deep dives into the band’s 31-year history: R.E.M. Project Blog
: A meticulous, song-by-song transcription and analysis of the band's entire catalog, from their 1982 debut EP Chronic Town to their final studio album Collapse Into Now Wilfully Obscure
: This blog frequently features rare R.E.M. artifacts, such as the 1983 "Reckoning" demos and other hard-to-find B-sides or live recordings. Albums That Should Exist
: Known for creating "expanded" or "alternate" versions of classic albums, this site often features R.E.M. collections that compile non-album tracks into cohesive listening experiences. What These Blogs Offer
For fans, these sites are often more than just a list of albums; they provide context that official sites might miss: R.E.M. - Chronic Town - Expanded Version (1982) Jan 22, 2563 BE —
Searching for a comprehensive R.E.M. discography on Blogspot reveals that the platform is a hub for dedicated fan archives, often featuring rare bootlegs, b-sides, and detailed album retrospectives that go beyond standard streaming listings. Essential Blogspot Resources
If you are looking for deep dives into R.E.M.'s history, these fan-run sites provide unique perspectives: The band got angry and fast again
R.E.M. Project Blog: This active blog features track-by-track reviews, anniversary retrospectives (like the UP 25th Anniversary), and commentary on rarities like the Part Lies, Part Heart, Part Truth, Part Garbage compilation.
Pop Songs: While hosted on WordPress, this is a spiritual peer to the Blogspot archives, where the author aims to eventually write about every single R.E.M. song. Discography Overview: Key Eras
The R.E.M. discography is typically divided into three distinct phases:
1. The I.R.S. Years (1982–1987)Characterized by "jangle" guitar and Michael Stipe's cryptic, often mumbled lyrics.
Chronic Town (EP, 1982) – The debut featuring "Gardening at Night". Murmur (1983) – Often cited as a masterpiece debut.
Reckoning (1984), Fables of the Reconstruction (1985), Lifes Rich Pageant (1986). Document (1987) – Their breakthrough into the mainstream.
2. The Warner Bros. Peak (1988–1996)The era of global superstardom and massive sales. Green (1988) – Their first major-label release. Out of Time (1991) – Home to "Losing My Religion".
Automatic for the People (1992) – Their highest-selling album with 18 million copies sold. Monster (1994) – A louder, glam-rock influenced record.
New Adventures in Hi-Fi (1996) – Michael Stipe’s personal favorite.
3. The Post-Bill Berry Era (1998–2011)After drummer Bill Berry left, the band experimented with electronic textures before returning to a rock sound. Up (1998) – An ethereal, experimental shift.
Reveal (2001) and Around the Sun (2004) – Explored "adult contemporary" and pop textures. Accelerate (2008) – A visceral return to energy.
Collapse Into Now (2011) – The band's fifteenth and final studio album. Hidden Gems to Look For
Blogspot curators often highlight tracks that didn't make the standard studio albums: The Only R.E.M. Album Ranking You Will Ever Need
The Evolution of Sound: A Critical Analysis of R.E.M.'s Discography
R.E.M. is one of the most influential and iconic alternative rock bands of the 1980s and 1990s. With a career spanning over three decades, the band has released 15 studio albums, each showcasing their unique sound and style. From their early days as a college radio staple to their rise as a global phenomenon, R.E.M.'s discography is a testament to their innovative spirit and musical growth.
The band's early work, particularly their debut album Murmur (1983), showcased a raw, jangly sound that was reminiscent of The Byrds and The Velvet Underground. Songs like "Radio Free Europe" and "Pilgrimage" demonstrated the band's ability to craft catchy, atmospheric tracks that resonated with listeners. Reckoning (1984) and Fables of the Reconstruction (1985) continued to build on this sound, with hits like "(Don't Go Back To) Rockville" and "Can't Get There From Here."
However, it was with Lifes Rich Pageant (1986) that R.E.M. began to experiment with new sounds and textures. The album featured a more polished production and a wider range of influences, from gospel to rockabilly. Tracks like "Fall on Me" and "Cough Syrup" showcased the band's growing maturity and musical depth.
The late 1980s and early 1990s saw R.E.M. release some of their most critically acclaimed work, including Document (1987) and Green (1988). These albums solidified the band's position as one of the leading acts in alternative rock, with hits like "The One I Love" and "Stand."
The 1990s were a period of significant change for R.E.M., both creatively and personally. The band's sound became increasingly experimental, incorporating new wave and electronic elements into their music. Out of Time (1991) and Automatic for the People (1992) were both commercial and critical successes, featuring hits like "Losing My Religion" and "Man on the Moon."
Monster (1994) and New Adventures in Hi-Fi (1996) saw the band continue to push the boundaries of their sound, incorporating distorted guitars and electronic beats into their music. While some critics argued that the band had lost their way, these albums have since been reevaluated as innovative and influential works.
In the 2000s, R.E.M. continued to release critically acclaimed albums, including Reveal (2001), Around the Sun (2004), and Accelerate (2008). These albums saw the band refining their sound, incorporating new wave and post-punk influences into their music.
Throughout their discography, R.E.M. has demonstrated a commitment to creative experimentation and innovation. From their early days as a college radio staple to their rise as a global phenomenon, the band has consistently pushed the boundaries of alternative rock. Their influence can be heard in a wide range of artists, from The Killers to Arcade Fire.
In conclusion, R.E.M.'s discography is a testament to their innovative spirit and musical growth. From their early jangly sound to their later experimental works, the band has consistently pushed the boundaries of alternative rock. As a result, their music remains timeless and influential, continuing to inspire new generations of listeners and musicians alike.
Discography:
Sources:
The "blogspot" ecosystem has long served as a vital digital archive for R.E.M. fans, offering a deep dive into the band's history that official streaming platforms often miss. From track-by-track analysis on the R.E.M. Project Blog to archival collections of rare demos and live bootlegs, these fan-run sites provide a comprehensive roadmap of the band's 31-year career. The Studio Era: A Chronological Journey
R.E.M.'s official studio discography consists of 15 albums that track their evolution from underground darlings to global superstars.
Title: The Digital Ruins of the Night: Exploring the "R.E.M. Discography" Blogspot Era
In the vast and often ephemeral history of the internet, few artifacts evoke the specific texture of mid-2000s music fandom quite like the "Blogspot discography." Before the dominance of streaming services like Spotify and Apple Music, and before the sleek, algorithm-driven interfaces of RateYourMusic or Discogs, there was a sprawling, chaotic, and deeply personal corner of the web dedicated to the archiving of music. For fans of the alternative rock pioneers R.E.M., the "R.E.M. Discography" Blogspot was not just a repository of files; it was a digital library, a community hub, and a testament to the obsessive nature of the completist.
To understand the significance of a blog titled "R.E.M. Discography," one must first understand the context of the Blogspot platform itself. In the mid-2000s, Blogger (or Blogspot) was the default home for the "music blogger." It was an era defined by the MP3. The format was the currency of the day, and blogs were the banks. Unlike modern streaming, which offers a sanitized, ready-made library, the Blogspot experience required effort. It required reading. A typical R.E.M. blog post wasn't just a list of tracks; it was often accompanied by album art scanned from physical CDs, lengthy personal reviews of the band’s evolution from the jangle-pop of Murmur to the polished sheen of Around the Sun, and, crucially, download links—usually hosted on long-defunct file-hosting services like Megaupload or Rapidshare.
For a band with a discography as deep and complex as R.E.M.’s, these blogs were invaluable. R.E.M. is a band that spans distinct eras: the indie obscurity of the IRS years (1982–1987), the global mega-stardom of the Warner Bros. years (1988–2011), and the subsequent solo careers of the members. Casual listeners might know "Losing My Religion," but the Blogspot discography catered to a different breed of fan—the one who needed to hear the 'Chronic Town' EP, who was hunting for the B-side to "Driver 8," or who wanted to compare the remastered edition of Life's Rich Pageant to the original mix.
The "R.E.M. Discography" blog represented a specific type of digital archaeology. In the pre-streaming era, much of R.E.M.'s catalog was out of print or difficult to find in physical form, particularly the live albums and the rarities compilations like Dead Letter Office. The blog operator acted as a curator and a preservationist. They would rip vinyl records to high-bitrate MP3s or FLAC files, repair damaged album covers in Photoshop, and compile tracklists that corrected errors found on earlier pressings. This was fan labor in its purest form, driven by a desire to share the music rather than profit from it. The comment sections of these blogs were often filled with gratitude, technical discussions about bitrates, or spirited debates over whether New Adventures in Hi-Fi was the band’s last great masterpiece.
However, the Blogspot discography was also a relic of the "Wild West" of the internet, existing in a legal grey area. These blogs were frequently targeted by record labels and copyright enforcement bots. Links would rot, files would be deleted due to DMCA takedowns, and the blogs themselves would sometimes vanish overnight. Visiting an old R.E.M. Blogspot link today is like walking through a digital ghost town. You are likely to find broken image placeholders where the album art used to be, and download links that lead to 404 error pages. Yet, the text remains—the reviews, the tracklists, the passion. It serves as a historical record of how fans engaged with the band's legacy before the music was made instantly accessible by a simple voice command to a smart speaker.
The decline of the Blogspot discography came with the rise of streaming and the consolidation of the internet. As Spotify began to host the entirety of R.E.M.’s studio albums, and as YouTube became the repository for rare live performances, the need for the meticulous file-sharing blog diminished. What was lost, however, was the curatorial voice. Spotify does not care about the specific history of a B-side, nor does it offer the personal essay that often accompanied a download link. The modern fan consumes the music more easily, but perhaps with less contextual depth than the Blogspot reader did. In the sprawling digital ruins of the internet,
Ultimately, the legacy of the "R.E.M. Discography" Blogspot is one of devotion. It represents a time when fans took ownership of a band's history, digitizing it and preserving it when the industry was slow to adapt to the digital age. While the links may be dead, the effort to catalog every note played by Michael Stipe, Peter Buck, Mike Mills, and Bill Berry stands as a monument to the enduring power of music fandom. It reminds us that for a long time, the internet was not just a vending machine for content, but a collaborative archive built by the people who loved it most.
The search results point to several blogspot-hosted archives and fan sites dedicated to the discography of R.E.M., the iconic alternative rock band from Athens, Georgia. These blogs typically provide chronological listings of their studio albums, EPs, and rarities. R.E.M. Core Studio Discography
The band's career is generally divided into two eras: their formative years on the independent label I.R.S. Records and their global superstardom on Warner Bros. Records The I.R.S. Years (1982–1987)
This era is characterized by Michael Stipe's mumbled vocals, Peter Buck's jangling Rickenbacker guitar, and a cryptic, post-punk aesthetic. Chronic Town (EP) (1982): The debut that defined the "Athens sound."
(1983): Consistently ranked among the best debut albums in rock history.
(1984): Features fan favorites like "7 Chinese Bros." and "So. Central Rain." Fables of the Reconstruction
(1985): A darker, folk-inflected exploration of Southern mythology. Lifes Rich Pageant
(1986): A turn toward a punchier, more accessible rock sound.
(1987): Their commercial breakthrough, featuring the hit "The One I Love." The Warner Bros. Era (1988–2011)
R.E.M. signed one of the most lucrative deals in music history and evolved into one of the biggest bands in the world.
(1988): Their major-label debut, blending upbeat pop with political undertones. Out of Time
(1991): The multi-platinum peak featuring "Losing My Religion." Automatic for the People
(1992): A somber, acoustic-driven masterpiece often cited as their best work.
(1994): A distortion-heavy, "glam" departure from their previous two records. New Adventures in Hi-Fi
(1996): Their final album with original drummer Bill Berry; recorded mostly during the
(1998): An experimental, electronic-leaning record following Berry's departure.
(2001): A lush, summery pop album featuring "Imitation of Life." Around the Sun (2004): A slower-paced, politically charged effort. Accelerate (2008): A return to fast, high-energy rock. Collapse into Now
(2011): The band's final studio album before their amicable disbandment. Where to Find More
Fan-run "blogspot" sites often archive high-quality scans of liner notes, rare B-sides, and live recordings that aren't always available on streaming services. You can find deep-dive content on platforms like R.E.M. Timeline
or by searching specifically for "R.E.M. rarities blogspot" to find collections of non-album tracks. or a list of their most essential live albums
The Ultimate Guide to the R.E.M. Discography: A Journey Through the Blogosphere and Beyond
R.E.M. stands as one of the most influential bands in the history of alternative rock. From their humble beginnings in Athens, Georgia, to becoming global superstars, their sonic evolution is a fascinating study in creative growth. For many fans, the search for a comprehensive "rem discography blogspot" is a quest to find not just the hits, but the rare b-sides, live recordings, and deep cuts that defined an era of underground music. The I.R.S. Years: Establishing the Legend
The band’s journey began on the independent I.R.S. Records label. This period is often cited by purists as their most creative and consistent.
Chronic Town (EP, 1982): The debut that introduced the world to Michael Stipe’s mumbled vocals and Peter Buck’s jangling Rickenbacker.Murmur (1983): Frequently topping "Best Debut Album" lists, this record established the enigmatic, atmospheric sound of early college rock.Reckoning (1984): A more direct, upbeat follow-up featuring favorites like "Harborcoat" and "7 Chinese Bros."Fables of the Reconstruction (1985): A dark, murky, and Southern Gothic-inspired record recorded in London.Lifes Rich Pageant (1986): The moment the band began to find their "stadium" voice, with clearer production and environmental themes.Document (1987): The breakthrough album. With "The One I Love" and "It's the End of the World as We Know It (And I Feel Fine)," R.E.M. became a household name. The Warner Bros. Era: Global Superstardom
In 1988, the band signed a landmark deal with Warner Bros. Records, transitioning from college radio darlings to the biggest band in the world.
Green (1988): Their major-label debut, balancing quirky pop songs like "Stand" with political anthems like "World Leader Pretend."Out of Time (1991): The album that made them icons. Driven by "Losing My Religion," it embraced mandolins, strings, and guest vocals.Automatic for the People (1992): Widely considered their masterpiece. A somber, beautiful meditation on mortality and aging, featuring "Everybody Hurts" and "Nightswimming."Monster (1994): A sharp pivot into distorted guitars and glam-rock influences, reacting to the grunge movement of the early 90s.New Adventures in Hi-Fi (1996): A sprawling, cinematic record largely recorded on the road during the Monster tour. It is often a fan favorite for its experimental nature. The Post-Bill Berry Years: Evolution and Finality
Following the departure of drummer Bill Berry in 1997, the remaining trio—Stipe, Buck, and Mike Mills—navigated a changing musical landscape.
Up (1998): A departure into electronic textures and ambient soundscapes.Reveal (2001): A lush, sun-drenched summer record featuring "Imitation of Life."Around the Sun (2004): A slower, more politically charged album that received mixed reviews but contained moments of classic R.E.M. melody.Accelerate (2008): A return to form with short, fast, and aggressive rock songs.Collapse into Now (2011): The band's final studio album, serving as a career-spanning retrospective of their various styles before their amicable breakup in September 2011. Beyond the Studio: Why Fans Search for Blogspot Archives
The reason the phrase "rem discography blogspot" remains popular in search engines is the band's massive vault of non-album material. R.E.M. was famous for their prolific output of:
Fan Club Singles: Every year at Christmas, the band released a special 7-inch or CD for their fan club members, often featuring covers or experimental tracks.Live Rarities: From their legendary performance at the 40 Watt Club to MTV Unplugged sessions, the band's live energy was unique.B-Sides and Rarities: Collections like Dead Letter Office only scratched the surface of the demos and outtakes that fans still trade and discuss today. Conclusion
Whether you are a newcomer looking to explore the jangle-pop of the 80s or a longtime fan seeking a lost live recording from 1989, the R.E.M. discography offers endless rewards. Their commitment to artistic integrity and their refusal to stay in one musical lane for too long ensured that their legacy remains as vibrant today as it was four decades ago. If you'd like to dive deeper, I can help you: Find a complete tracklist for a specific album Locate the best-reviewed live albums or compilations Identify rare B-sides from a specific era
What set the R.E.M. Blogspot community apart was the writing. These weren't faceless download hubs; they were fanzines translated to HTML.
A typical entry for the Chronic Town EP wouldn't just have a download link. It would include:
For a band with a discography as deep and messy as R.E.M.’s—spanning from the jangle-pop of the early 80s to the polished rock of the 90s and the experimental final era—these blogs served as a vital gap-filler. They archived the soundtracks to movies that never got released (the Man on the Moon score demos) and live shows from the Monster tour that showcased a band on the brink of collapse and transcendence.