After every upd, run:

sort -u passlist.txt -o passlist.txt

Duplicates waste time. Hydra will try Password123 twice if you don't dedupe.

For the uninitiated, Hydra is a parallelized login cracker. It supports numerous protocols and is incredibly fast. But speed isn't everything; accuracy matters. This is where the passlist comes in.

Hydra does not guess randomly by default; it uses dictionaries—text files containing lists of potential passwords.

The upd suffix in your search reflects the single biggest challenge: password lists decay. Here’s how to implement a continuous update workflow.